This school of psychology has been established by Russian Psychologist Pavlov and American Psychology B.F. Skinner. Behaviourism is the theory that psychology should invoke only observable and measurable phenomena.
Behaviourism originated as a healthy reaction to this state of affairs. The early behaviourists wanted to sweep away what they saw as empty speculation and the endless postulation of undetectable concept. Behaviorism exercised great influence over the linguist Leonald Bloomfield and the American structuralists who followed him.
In 1957 the American psychology BF Skinner published Verbal Bechavior. It was an attempt at interpreting language acquisition strictly in term of Behaviorism. It was the most radical attempt ever treating language in a behaviorist framework. A behaviorist method of language teaching should embody at least the following principal.
It should be firmly anchored in spoken language Pavlov has given theory of classical conditioning and BF Skinner has given the theory of Operant condition.
Classical conditioning: - This theory is based on the habit formation. Pavlov says that human or any creature gives response due to stimulus. Stimulus are that thing which create excitation in creature. It means that human learn due to stimulus . Pavlov has done one experiment on a dog and dog hear it. With it , it is given food then it drops larva .
Just after he rings bell then it drops larva after again food is given. In this condition we look that dog is given stimulus and it gives response. Thus student can also be taught according of this theory.
Operant Conditioning. This theory is also based on the habit formation .BF Skinner says that human or any creature gives response due to reinforcement . he wants to say that human or creature learn due to reinforcement.
BF Skinner has done experiment on pigeons and Rate. When they are reinforced they get their target or food. It means student can be taught very effectively if they are given proper reinforcement.
They structuralists believe in the pattern of practice. They say that teacher should motivate to their student so that he could get his all desired objectives. This motivatedlearner learn fast and effectively.
Few Essential Points
1) Language is learnt only through practice .the more the learn is exposed to the use of language, the better chance of learning it.
2) Producing the correct linguistic response to a stimulus requires efforts . it the leaner is not called upon to make this effort there is no learning.
3) Producing correct response also requires attention .
4) The spoken language comes earlier then the written and the passive experience of language is necessary before any productive use can begin.
5) Learning takes place fast if a correct response is given if the students . the learnt must known at once if his effort is right or wrong.
6) Every new item must be learnt by reinforcement by further practice before further learning begins.
7) The third stage is maintenance ‘. During this stage the person is able to the task independently, even after teaching has ended.
Behaviourism originated as a healthy reaction to this state of affairs. The early behaviourists wanted to sweep away what they saw as empty speculation and the endless postulation of undetectable concept. Behaviorism exercised great influence over the linguist Leonald Bloomfield and the American structuralists who followed him.
In 1957 the American psychology BF Skinner published Verbal Bechavior. It was an attempt at interpreting language acquisition strictly in term of Behaviorism. It was the most radical attempt ever treating language in a behaviorist framework. A behaviorist method of language teaching should embody at least the following principal.
It should be firmly anchored in spoken language Pavlov has given theory of classical conditioning and BF Skinner has given the theory of Operant condition.
Classical conditioning: - This theory is based on the habit formation. Pavlov says that human or any creature gives response due to stimulus. Stimulus are that thing which create excitation in creature. It means that human learn due to stimulus . Pavlov has done one experiment on a dog and dog hear it. With it , it is given food then it drops larva .
Just after he rings bell then it drops larva after again food is given. In this condition we look that dog is given stimulus and it gives response. Thus student can also be taught according of this theory.
Operant Conditioning. This theory is also based on the habit formation .BF Skinner says that human or any creature gives response due to reinforcement . he wants to say that human or creature learn due to reinforcement.
BF Skinner has done experiment on pigeons and Rate. When they are reinforced they get their target or food. It means student can be taught very effectively if they are given proper reinforcement.
They structuralists believe in the pattern of practice. They say that teacher should motivate to their student so that he could get his all desired objectives. This motivatedlearner learn fast and effectively.
Few Essential Points
1) Language is learnt only through practice .the more the learn is exposed to the use of language, the better chance of learning it.
2) Producing the correct linguistic response to a stimulus requires efforts . it the leaner is not called upon to make this effort there is no learning.
3) Producing correct response also requires attention .
4) The spoken language comes earlier then the written and the passive experience of language is necessary before any productive use can begin.
5) Learning takes place fast if a correct response is given if the students . the learnt must known at once if his effort is right or wrong.
6) Every new item must be learnt by reinforcement by further practice before further learning begins.
7) The third stage is maintenance ‘. During this stage the person is able to the task independently, even after teaching has ended.
No comments:
Post a Comment